弗兰克·卡普拉

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  • 创建于：2005-02-23
  • 删除于：2007-02-22
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本条目被标记为包含過多不是現代標準漢語的內容。

本条目被标记为正依照en:Frank Capra上的内容进行翻译。

弗兰克·卡普拉（Frank Capra）（1897年5月18日-1991年9月3日），美国著名电影导演。

卡普拉生在西西里岛，1903年随全家移民到美国洛杉矶。毕业于Throop Institute (现加州理工學院）化工系。Like other prominent directors of the thirties and forties, Capra began his career in silent films, notably by directing and writing silent film comedies starring Harry Langdon. In 1930 Capra went to work for Mack Sennett and then moved to Columbia where he formed a close association with screenwriter Robert Riskin and cameraman Joseph MacDonald. However, in 1940 Sidney Buchman replaced Riskin as writer.

After the 1934 Oscar winning romantic comedy It Happened One Night, Capra directed a steady stream of films for Columbia intended to be inspirational and humanitarian. The best known are Mr. Deeds Goes to Town, the original Lost Horizon, and Mr. Smith Goes to Washington.

Between 1942 and 1948, when he produced State of the Union, Capra also directed or co-directed eight war documentaries including Prelude to War (1942), The Nazis Strike (1942), The Battle of Britain (1943), Divide and Conquer (1943), Know Your Enemy (1945), Tunisian Victory (1945) and Two Down and One to Go (1945). His Academy Award-winning documentary series, Why We Fight, is widely considered a masterpiece of propaganda, surpassed only by Leni Riefenstahl's Triumph of the Will: Capra was faced with the task of convincing an isolationist nation to enter the war, desegregate the troops, and ally with the Russians, among other things.

卡普拉的1946年电影It's a Wonderful Life是Jimmy Stewart二战服役出演的第一部电影。这个电影有五个奥斯卡奖提名，但是没有什么票房成绩。版权过期之后，现在每年在圣诞节电视播放。The film is often considered a saccharine valentine to traditional America, but it is much more than that: a look at the pettiness, incompetence and bullying of small-town life. It is also an almost frightening portrait of a depressive man (played by Jimmy Stewart) with suicidal wishes. The fact that this tone is ignored in the public perception speaks to Capra's talent in creating this dismal story, throwing the hero into an alternative world nightmare and then shattering it with a blast of pure joy and love at the end as he realizes that his life has been wonderful after all. The film critic Ray Carney has popularized this view and provided the most insightful commentary on the film.

Capra's final theatrical film was 1961's Pocketful of Miracles, with Glenn Ford and Bette Davis. He had planned to do a science fiction film later in the decade but never even got around to pre-production, but he did end up producing several television specials for the Bell Telephone System dealing with science.

In 1971, Capra published his autobiography, The Name Above the Title. Though unreliable in its details, it offers a compelling self-portrait.

Capra was also the subject of a 1991 biography by Joseph McBride entitled Frank Capra: The Catastrophe of Success. McBride corrects many of the impressions left by Capra's autobiography.

Capra won an Academy Award for Directing in 1934 for It Happened One Night, in 1936 for Mr. Deeds Goes to Town, and in 1938 for You Can't Take It with You; It Happened One Night and You Can't Take It with You also won an Academy Award for Best Picture.

Frank Capra passed away in La Quinta, California of a heart attack in his sleep in 1991 at the age of 94 and was interred in the Coachella Valley Cemetery, Coachella, California.

His producer/son, Frank Capra, Jr. is president of Screen Gems Studios, in Wilmington, North Carolina.

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